Christopher Hitchens s Views On Politics, Culture,...

Christopher Hitchens was a British-American intellectual and writer who was known worldwide for his controversial opinions and provocative forms of expression. His works were published in a number of books and in multitudes of magazines, such as Vanity Fair, Slate, and The Atlantic, just to name a few. However, a large portion of his time was spent actively expressing his opinions in televised debates, public forums, and university speeches. His interest in political science after graduating from Balliol College in Oxford molded his ideas into a general theme of â€Å"anti-authoritarianism.† This theme was very well imbedded into his career, for he wrote much about politics, culture, religion, and literature. As a critic of both society and†¦show more content†¦This, in turn, gives his argument much more weight and validity. The ability to capture such an audience requires a great deal of scholarly language, which he accomplishes by utilizing his wide vocabulary. His work is loaded with words like â€Å"scrupulous,† â€Å"refractory,† â€Å"sanguinary,† (The Real Mahatma Gandhi), â€Å"fatuous,† and â€Å"invocations† (â€Å"Free Speech†). The use of such words gives his arguments a sense of sophistication, which serves to make his arguments sound legitimate. Furthermore, through scathing remarks about his subject, his humorously brutal tone serves to engage and entertain his audience. Witty comments, such as â€Å"But the two greatest achievements of Austria are to have convinced the world that Hitler was German and that Beethoven was Viennese,† allow Hitchens to discredit his subject and say that it has not had any â€Å"real† accomplishments. Altogether, he demonstrates that valid criticism of anyone can be entertaining, yet scholarly. One distinct style that set Hitchens apart from most thought-provoking scholars is his use of obscene and politically incorrect language. This works to â€Å"shock† the reader and to engage them even further. In his Vanity Fair essay, â€Å"Why Women Aren’t Funny,† he discourteously insists that most humorous women are â€Å"hefty or dykey or Jewish, or some combo of the three† (Why Women Aren t Funny). Hitchens is knownShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Science And Religion3252 Words   |  14 Pageshe relationship between science and religion is a very interesting and complex one, and has changed quite a lot over the course of human history. In order to competently understand this relationship, it is necessary to have a rudimentary knowledge of the fundamental methods and aims of each discipline. Though the relationship between science and religion has changed a lot over time, what has not changed is the fact that the two disciplines are diametrically opposed to each other in many ways, having

Kill Cultures for Being More Global! - 800 Words

Kill Cultures for Being More Global! Everybody knows what is going on the other parts of the world with the development of technology. What people wear, eat, read, study; how people behave is not allien anymore for the others. ‘Globalization’ may be defined as owning the same qualifications with the others, in that sense. A simple person; wears what the other ones wear, eats what the other ones eat, behaves how the other ones behave. Within the outcomes of globalization, the differences will not be welcomed by the others. Being different would not be acceptable by global norms. The cultural elements are dying day by day for the sake of being ‘the same’. Therefore, globalization may be defined as a murder weapon for the cultural diversity.†¦show more content†¦To be more efficeient in time, less time wasting practices are being used. For instance, everybody uses their own car when they commute. All around the world, people believe in that time is money. This is another outcome of global ization, too. Secondly, globalization is responsible for the extinction of some cultural elements. Firstly, same languages are dying out becuse of the subordination of the superiour ones. As Gannon(2008) stated: ‘While languages are dying, the major languages groups –English, Chinese, Spanish and so on- are strengthening, partly because of the growth of the global population.’ The lingua-franca is English in our globe. With it’s entegration on the other languages, others started to change rapidly and wil disappear in the end. Furthermore, thanks to commication technologies, the street languages are scattering. What we observe in our daily lives from streets are only the reflections of Western and American cultures. Secondly, within the new fashions in eating culture, people started to eat same products. The opening of global restaurants have cused the high demand of same things. As Turner claimed: ‘Most generally, globalization is an important corrective to more g eneral linear models of modernity. As a result, it may well be the ease that Mcdonaldization ahs reached its economic and cultural limits (2003, p.137)’. Lastly,demanding the global culture makes the other cultures out of picture. Especially Eastern valuesShow MoreRelatedWhy We Need Act On Gun Control1646 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding a girl only 9 years old; On April 16th, 2007, a student in Virginia took away 32 people’s life (including himself) with two pistols (Global Shooting). As can be seen, these are massacres happened within last 5 years, and obviously, these tragedies are all indicate a issue need to be discussed: gun control. Gun control has been an ongoing controversy in global wide for decades. Some countries have strict policy about firearms which only allow a few particular occupations to carry a gun. On theRead MoreThe Difficult and Remote Island of Papua New Guinea1002 Words   |  4 Pagessave the culture of its people, its wild life and its beautiful rain forest, which are in sever danger of deforestation. The industrial revolution is destroying the Papua New Guinea Rainforest and its way of life, the end result is climate changes around the globe. Located North of Australia sit’s the island of New Guinea, home to the third largest rainforest in Asian. The island is populated by a tripe of savages called the Haywau. The Haywau are know to be canabals and will kill eachRead MoreDetermining The Etiology And Epidemiology Of Violence And Homicide933 Words   |  4 Pagesdefine violence in such a way that it contains the range of acts by murders and the experiences of the victims without making it so overfilling that it loses meaning – or so broad that it describes all possible details of an every murder. Moreover, global agreement is required so that data can be compared between countries around the world and results of this comparison can create reliable base of knowledge. (WHO, 2002) In my point of view, the most appropriate and reasonable definition of violenceRead MoreGlobalization : The World And Created Unity Out Of Great Diversity Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesto Little Rock - and also powerful companies that drive globalization forward, creating new laws, new business practices, new ways to eat and drink, new hopes and dreams. Optimists look forward to a global village, linked together by the Internet, and benefiting from ever-increasing material well-being. Pessimists see a frightful corporate tyranny destroying the environment, and sweeping away all that is healthy and meaningful to human existence. 　　 　　Human societies across the globe have establishedRead MoreRelative Ethics on Globalization984 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s world there are so many cultures that have different beliefs and standards than America. Being that all countries are so diverse with their beliefs we all have to realize that all beliefs should be respected and accepted to the fullest. Just because a country has different beliefs than America does not warrant those beliefs to be disrespected in any way. Even if other countries beliefs are as evil as they come, we unfortunately have to accept those beliefs and respect them. Some of thoseRead MoreThe Importance Of Terrorism1398 Words   |  6 Pagesare highly dangerous and provide a significant threat to our daily lives. As civilians it is important to learn the legitimacy of violent terrorist’s threats. â€Å"In light of the global increase in the number and lethality of terrorist attacks, it has become imperative that nations, states, and private citizens become more involved in a strategic vision to recognize, prepare for, and – if possible – prevent such events (â€Å"Terrorism†). Citizens could pay attention to indicators such as surveillanceRead MoreHow does Sushi reflect Japanese culture? Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿How Does Sushi Reflect Japanese Culture? Japanese people show great pride in their heritage and they use their food as a form of expression in order to show their cultural heritage. The Japanese focus on the small things in their cuisine that helps make such a large impact in the quality of the food. The country takes pride in their food and uses it for various symbolic reasons. Sushi and pride both have a large correlation in Japanese culture. Their attention to detail is also used as an advantageRead MoreThe Issue Of Aids And Hiv1726 Words   |  7 Pagesseems like there are more issues to tackle than people have the capacity to handle. There is the global warming, poverty, hunger, wars, political conflicts, refugee conflicts, etcetera. Though all of these can seem daunting and hard to combat, none of them can be accomplished if the world’s population is not healthy. If people do not have the physical strength to think of new and innovative ways to take on these issues, then no progress will be made on any of the m. As a result, global health should beRead MoreHomo Sapiens: Not so Different Then from Now Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesFrom my understanding of how we human sapiens are living now, it is a lot easier than what it used to be 70 thousand years ago. I am not saying that it is easy for us but as a nation that is more civilized than how it was back then. We don’t have to worry much about food due to it being ready for us at the store that we can just go pick up but in some cases, some people cant afford to buy food and ended up in poverty. There are goods and bads about how we modern homo sapiens are living now and sameRead MoreGlobal Citizen Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages16 February 2012 What is a Global Citizen? The concept of what defines a global citizen varies, for people have their own opinions and say about how they see an ideal one as. Kwame Appiah wrote Cosmopoltianism, and in his opinion, a global citizen is seen as one who sees no division within themselves and â€Å"others†; that it is necessary to agree with one another to behave morally. The view of an ideal global citizen has been altered for centuries, and in every culture it is uniquely seen and educated

How Sylvia Plaths Life is Reflected in the Poems Daddy,...

How Sylvia Plaths Life is Reflected in the Poems Daddy, Morning Song, and Lady Lazarus Sylvia Plath has had an exciting life, if I can use this word. Her father died from an undiagnosed diabetes when she was eight. At the same time, a short couplet that she wrote was published in the Boston Sunday Herald. Later, she won scholarships to study in Smith, Harvard, and finally Cambridge. There, Plath married Ted Hughes, who was a good poet, too. What amazes me in her life is that she had attempted suicide three times, once every ten years. In 1963, she succeeded in killing herself as she gassed herself to death. In an outsider point of view I always wonder how a woman with so much going for her would†¦show more content†¦Most of the poems in Ariel show Plaths self, going from a state of symbolic death to one of rebirth. In this essay we will look into her life through three of her poems in Ariel: Daddy, Lady Lazarus, and Morning Song. Morning Song is the opening poem in Ariel. It is generally agreed that the poem expresses Plaths conflicted feelings at the birth of her first child, her daughter Frieda Rebecca Plath, especially her sense of diminishment and servitude that only motherhood can involve. On the first line we can see that Frieda was really the fruit of love between Sylvia and Ted-it says, Love set you going like a fat gold watch. A gold watch is a beautiful and dear gift. The word fat here implies beautiful, too, because fat babies are beautiful. Also, Frieda might have had some kind of breathing difficulty the time she was born, as the second and third lines go: The midwife slapped your footsoles, and your bald cry/Took its place among the elements. It hints that the nurse (midwife) slapped the babys soles to make her cry, thus begin to breathe. The second stanza is Our voices echo, magnifying your arrival. New statue./In a drafty museum, your nakedness/Shadows our safety. We stand round blankly as walls. The first sentence states that when Frieda was born, people around her applauded. Then Plath resembled the naked baby to a

Anne Bradstreet †3 Free Essays

Masab Mansoor 10/8/12 English III 5H Ms. Sanchez Anne Bradstreet: Uncustomary and Unique A seventeenth century poetic writer, Anne Bradstreet is a very important figure in American Literature history. Born in 1612 in England, she came to America as part of a fleet of Puritan emigrants in 1630. We will write a custom essay sample on Anne Bradstreet – 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bradstreet is considered by many to be the first American poet. Her writing style is typical of Puritan writing in some cases, and in other cases it is atypical of Puritan writing. Being a Puritan woman, Anne Bradstreet incorporated many ideas like religion into her writings, as religion was a fundamental, pivotal focus of Puritan society and life. In her poem â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband,† Bradstreet wrote, â€Å"The heavens reward thee manifold, I pray† (10). In this line Bradstreet is talking about praying to the Lord and heavens about rewarding her loving husband. This poem is more romantic than typical Puritan writing. This line is an example how Bradstreet included Puritan concepts like religion and worship even into her more personal, romantic poetic writings. In Bradstreet’s poem â€Å"Upton the Burning of Our House, July 10th 1666,† Bradstreet in multiple instances wrote in a typical Puritan style, one with a focus on religion and the Lord. In lines 8-9 of the poem, Bradstreet wrote, â€Å"And to my God my heart did cry to strengthen me in my distress. † In this line, Bradstreet said that when her house burned down, her heart cried to God to give her strength in the tough time she was going to. Bradstreet showed how she believed in God as the one who provides strength in time of need. Also, in the same poem, Bradstreet wrote, â€Å"Thou hast an house on high erect framed by that mighty Architect† (43-44). God is the Architect that Bradstreet wrote about in these lines, and the Kingdom of Heaven is the â€Å"house on high erect†. Bradstreet showed that her focus was not on her burned house, but rather the house that God has for her in His glorious Kingdom. While Bradstreet does have many cases where she wrote in a typical Puritan style, she also wrote in a style atypical to regular Puritan writing. For example, in Bradstreet’s poem â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband,† she wrote, â€Å"If ever two were one, then surely we. If ever man were loved by wife, then thee† (1-2). In these lines, Bradstreet expressed her love for her husband quite explicitly and openly, which was not the typical Puritan writing style. Puritan women did not express their views and opinions publicly as it was frowned upon, especially one of such romantic content. Lines 4-5 of the same poem further show Bradstreet’s poetic romanticism when she challenged other women, saying â€Å"Compare with me, ye women, if you can. I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold. † This open provocation in which Bradstreet challenged and dared women to compare her love for her husband to their love for their husbands was quite atypical of normal Puritan writing. Not only did Bradstreet voice her romantic views, she challenged others to compare their love to hers. This romanticism that Bradstreet constantly included in the content of this poem showed that in some cases, she displayed a writing style atypical to normal Puritan writing. Bradstreet implemented a unique writing style in her poetry, one that included aspects of typical Puritan writing, like the focus on religion, as well as aspects that were not typical of Puritan writing, including her romanticism. Both poems, â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† and â€Å"Upon the Burning of Our House, July 10th 1666† show how Bradstreet very interestingly mixed her two styles to give a distinct feel to her poetry; the juxtaposition between the typical Puritan style and the atypical romantic style brought a unique style to her writing. Her distinctive writing is what makes her one of the most important figures in the history of American Literature. How to cite Anne Bradstreet – 3, Papers

ERP Technology & its Challenges Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the ERP Technology its Challenges. Answer: Introduction Technology has improved and has enhanced over the period of years. There have been many automated systems that the business organizations are using in the present scenario so that they may gain benefits out of the same. These business organizations are now looking for implementation of the software packages that provide them with an integrated platform for the execution of the business activities. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) packages are an example of such integrated software packages that being extensively used. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Meaning Definition ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning and it is a process that includes the integrated business mechanisms and activities. There are many significant business tasks that are covered and are executed by using and ERP package, such as, planning, decision making, inventory, sales, marketing, finance, human resources, procurement etc (Kilic, Zaim Delen, 2014). There are various vendors and service providers that have developed and launched their ERP packages in the market. Some of the popular vendors include SAP, Oracle and Microsoft. On the basis of the business needs and requirements, ERP packages can be classified in different types, such as, industry specific ERP systems, web based ERP, ERP packages for small businesses and likewise (Sodomka Klcova, 2016). Need Advantages of ERP Technology The growth and use of ERP in the business organizations is because of the requirements of these business units and the benefits that are offered by the ERP packages. The business firms and organizations that have been successful in the implementation of the ERP packages have managed to achieve a competitive edge over the others. The manual operations that were previously carried out by the resources in the organizations have now been replaced by their automated versions through ERP packages. This had led to the enhancement and improvement in the productivity levels of the employees (Ovidiu, 2010). Planning is an essential activity in the business organizations. ERP packages have provided the ability to carry out efficient planning and estimations. A strong integration and collaboration is required for the success of the business organizations. ERP packages have provided the organizations with the ability to have a string integrated environment. Management of the changes in the business organization is made easy with the aid of the ERP packages. These changes may comprise of the modifications in the business requirements or specifications along with the number of users or customers. There may also be changes in the technological concepts and aspects (Matende Ogao, 2013). The overall management of the information is made easy through ERP packages and software. The information operations and activities, such as, storage, retrieval and management can be made smoother through these packages (Kocakulah Willett, 2011) (Chauhan, Dwivedi Sherry, 2012). The additional and unnecessary infrastructural and operational costs are avoided through the successful implementation of the ERP packages. This leads to the enhancement of the overall budget and expenses of the organization. ERP systems work on the information sets that are associated with the business organizations along with the real-time data and information as well. This leads to the improvement of the customer-centric operations and activities. The reporting structure of the organizations is improved with the implementation of ERP packages which makes it possible for all the resources to have updated information at all times. The overall communication strategy and architecture also improves. ERP packages also assist the organizations in the adherence and compliance to several legal policies, regulatory frameworks and laws. This reduces the probability of the legal risks and issues (Hasibuan Dantes, 2012). These systems have an inherent quality of scalability which provides the organizations with various different capabilities, such as, flexibility and adaptability. The relationship and the engagement with the customers also improve with the implementation of the ERP packages. This is because of the reason that the business operations are streamlined and the customer preferences and choices are also taken into consideration for the execution of business tasks and activities (Sadrzadehrafiei, 2013). Challenges in ERP Technology There can be many challenges that may come up in association with the ERP technology. These challenges are as listed below. There are various factors that are associated with the selection of the suitable ERP package for an organization. Some of these factors include the size of the software, the automated systems already in use, the requirements and specifications of the organization, scope of the system and many more. The selection of the system, therefore, emerges as one of the major challenges (Babaei, Gholami Altafi, 2015). ERP systems and packages have experienced many changes and transformations in the recent years. In the past, these packages were mostly batch processed and integrated. However, these systems have now shifted towards the real-time based integration. The transition process from batch integration to real-time integration is a major challenge (Momoh, Roy Shehab, 2010). Initially, organizations tend to implement the basic ERP packages that have limited requirements and specifications involved. There are a few operations covered by these systems and once the organization expands, the needs of these organizations also rise. This often leads to the presence of multiple ERP packages to support and maintain which becomes troublesome at times (Singla, 2009). There are several technical issues that may come up in association with the ERP technology and packages: There are a number of existing servers and workstations that are installed in the organization. With the implementation and deployment of the ERP technology, there are many modifications that need to be done to these servers and workstations. The speed and bandwidth of the internet servers and the network connections shall also be considered and shall be enhanced as per the requirements of the ERP system. This may have an impact on the existing systems and operations being carried out in the organization (Nordin Adegoke, 2015). Compatibility and integration of the ERP package with the rest of the software and hardware installed in the organization can come up as a challenge. In the first attempt of the ERP implementation in the business organization, it would be necessary to migrate and move the existing and legacy data sets to the new platform. There may be issues in the data quality and consistency in the process of migration. Security may be one of the major challenges that may come up with the deployment and implementation of the ERP technology and package in the organization. Some of these security issues that may crop up are as listed below. There are a lot many ERP packages and software that may go unpatched. It becomes required to install updates and patches in the ERP packages and the failure to do so may lead to the enhancement of the complexity. Poor configuration of the ERP packages and systems may lead to the increased probability of the backdoor access for the attackers. This may lead to the enhancement of the security vulnerabilities as well (Zafeiropoulos, Metaxiotis Askounis, 2005). Outdates web interfaces used in the ERP technology may lead to the occurrence of the security attacks such as SQL injection and web based security risks and attacks. There are a lot many access points that are present in the ERP package which leads to the issues associated with the violation of the access control and authentication. This may lead to breaching and leakage of information. There may be availability attacks that may come up with the occurrence and execution of flooding attacks such as denial of service and distributed denial of service attacks. The availability of the services, information and operations may be impacted as a result of these attacks on security (Acharya, Jethava Patel, 2013). There can also be issues with the integrity of the information associated with the ERP packages. There are vast data sets that are involved in ERP packages that may be exposed to the risks such as alteration of the contents without adequate permission to do so. Malware attacks are also common in case of the automated systems and applications that may be witnessed in case of ERP packages as well. Resolution of the ERP Challenges The challenges that have been illustrated above can be further understood with the case studies associated with the implementation of the ERP packages in the organizations. There have been many success and failure stories in the past. The success stories have been described below to describe the challenges and the reasons of success or failure of the ERP packages and system. ERP Success Story Cadbury is an organization that is one of the worlds largest manufacturers of chocolates and is based out of Birmingham, United Kingdom. The ERP technology was successfully implemented in the organization with the adherence to the following points. The strongest point involved in the successful implementation of ERP in Cadbury was the correct planning and estimation activities that were involved. The choice of the vendor was done according to the requirements of the ERP package in the organization and the analysis involved was also extensive. Effective communication channel was developed with the ERP vendor with the development of a portal called vendor connect for this purpose (Singh, 2017). Implementation methodology that was used by the organization was also apt. Cross-functional implementation was done so that the series of phases were involved rather than implanting all the functionalities all at once. The management also made sure that the monitoring tasks were adequately carried out so that the team members were aware of all the deviations and errors. ERP Failure Story There was another organization called Hersheys that attempted the implementation of ERP but failed in its attempt to do so. There were many challenges that came up for the organization which gradually led to failure. The schedule that was estimated by the vendor and the team of analysts was 48 months. However, the organizational leadership forced the vendor and the project team to implement and complete the project in a period of 30 months only. The incorrect schedule design was a major challenge that led to the failure of the project. Because of the incorrect schedule design and estimation, there were many critical tasks and activities that were missed out during the implementation. One such activity was testing of the critical features that led to the presence of many bugs in the final delivery of the project (Gross, 2011). The implementation methodology that was selected by the management was also not correct. The selected methodology included Big Bang implementation of the ERP technology which led to the failure of the project. There are two scenarios that have been described above which include the success and the failure of the ERP technology in the organizations. The challenges associated with the ERP technology can be overcome by using and adhering to the points listed under the approach followed by Cadbury. Also, there shall be used and implementation of the security controls and mechanisms to avoid the security risks and attacks. There shall also be advanced use of monitoring and control processes by the management and leadership covering the adequate selection of the vendor, methodology, estimations etc. The processes must be validated and verified at every step so that the end result that is achieved is positive. Conclusion Enterprise Resource Planning a process that includes the integrated business mechanisms and activities. There are many significant business tasks that are covered and are executed by using and ERP package, such as, planning, decision making, inventory, sales, marketing, finance, human resources, procurement etc. ERP offers many benefits to the organizations in which it is implemented. Some of these benefits include streamlining of operations, enhanced productivity and accuracy, integration of the business operations, reduced legal risks and increased customer engagement and satisfaction levels. There can also be certain challenges that may be observed in association with the ERP technology. These challenges may include technical issues such as compatibility, integration and installation issues or data quality and consistency issues. There may also be a number of security issues that may be observed in association with the ERP packages. It shall be ensured that adequate planning and c ontrol is involved in the selection, development and deployment of the ERP technology in the organization. References Acharya, V., Jethava, S., Patel, A. (2013). Case Study of Database Security in Campus ERP System. International Journal Of Computer Applications, 79(15), 1-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.5120/13814-1546 Babaei, M., Gholami, Z., Altafi, S. (2015). Challenges of Enterprise Resource Planning implementation in Iran large organizations. Information Systems, 54, 15-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2015.05.003 Chauhan, R., Dwivedi, R., Sherry, A. (2012). Critical success factors for offshoring of enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations. Business Systems Research, 3(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10305-012-0001-5 Gross, J. (2011). A Case Study on Hershey's ERP Implementation Failure Driving successful enterprise software projects. Pemeco.com. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from https://www.pemeco.com/a-case-study-on-hersheys-erp-implementation-failure-the-importance-of-testing-and-scheduling/ Hasibuan, Z., Dantes, G. (2012). Priority of Key Success Factors (KSFS) on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation Life Cycle. Journal Of Enterprise Resource Planning Studies, 1-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.5171/2011.122627 Kilic, H., Zaim, S., Delen, D. (2014). Development of a hybrid methodology for ERP system selection: The case of Turkish Airlines. Decision Support Systems, 66, 82-92. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2014.06.011 Kocakulah, M., Willett, D. (2011). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation: Promise and Problems. Review Of Business Information Systems (RBIS), 7(3), 35. https://dx.doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v7i3.4522 Matende, S., Ogao, P. (2013). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation: A Case for User Participation. Procedia Technology, 9, 518-526. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.058 Momoh, A., Roy, R., Shehab, E. (2010). Challenges in enterprise resource planning implementation: state of the art. Business Process Management Journal, 16(4), 537-565. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637151011065919 Nordin, N., Adegoke, O. (2015). Learning from ERP Implementation: A Case Study of Issues and Challenges in Technology Management. Jurnal Teknologi, 74(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v74.3369 Ovidiu, S. (2010). The Advantages and Risks of Using ERP System in the Context Globalization. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from https://modtech.ro/international-journal/vol2no22010/Ovidiu_Sava.pdf Sadrzadehrafiei, S. (2013). The Benefits of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation in Dry Food Packaging Industry. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S2212017313003381/1-s2.0-S2212017313003381-main.pdf?_tid=77abbd6a-a846-11e7-b678-00000aab0f01acdnat=1507040806_f9052d1931fe40f04bef070a3b30da63 Singh, V. (2017). Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Success and Failure Stories |. Sapyard.com. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from https://www.sapyard.com/enterprise-resource-planning-implementation-success-and-failure-stories/ Singla, A. (2009). Enterprise resource planning systems implementation: a literature analysis. International Journal Of Business And Systems Research, 3(2), 170. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbsr.2009.024860 Sodomka, P., Klcova, H. (2016). Classification of ERP System Services. Journal Of Systems Integration, 66-78. https://dx.doi.org/10.20470/jsi.v7i3.263 Zafeiropoulos, I., Metaxiotis, K., Askounis, D. (2005). Dynamic risk management system for the modeling, optimal adaptation and implementation of an ERP system. Information Management Computer Security, 13(3), 212-234. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09685220510602031

What are the causes of unethical practices in advertising Essay Example For Students

What are the causes of unethical practices in advertising Essay ?Marketing is what you do when your product is no good. Most efficent way to increase sales is advertising. Advertisements announce your product and give information about product?s quality and the functions. Advertisements can easily pay attention people and have significantly effect to direct consumer preferences.. As well as advertisements have a lot of advantages they could be harmful. The causes of unethical advertising can be counted in three main areas. These are not following ethical rules, targeting children, and confusion over new media platforms. Advertisers who are following their own rules sometimes dont care if the advertisements are true or harmful. They just trying to sell products.When some companies trying to sell low quality products they don?t tell truth about the products in advertisements. They are going to hide it?s defects and show more than what is it in reality. Marketers persuade and change consumers decisions about what should they purchase by telling lies and giving false information.They are misleading to consumers and this make consumers more awareness when they are shopping. Advertisers also take care social consciousness to pay attention. Companies ignore morality and they are just interest to gain money. Use social consicousness to advantage of them. ?Objectivation of woman could be seen in? most of advertisements include woman and always illustrate those woman as a sexual object or in detergant advertisements women is shown restricted to the home and isolated from other women that is outside of home. A dvertisers dont consider woman as a human they think women as an object. For a company easiest targets are children. Glossy images on the billboards or flashy advertisements on televisions have an effect on children?s minds. These advertisements have bad effect on their young minds and change their world view. That cannot be ignored. According to Richard, U. (2012). Marketing the Case for enhanced advertising ethics. Journal of Advertising Research. Vol. 15, pp 37-39) children are vulnerable and easily influenced and dont know the difference between advertising and enterainment. Therefore advertisers m?ust be aware of this and protect children. So parents also should be aware of this and they have to work stop and prevent these unethical practices in advertising. Also media platforms should be checked. We will write a custom essay on What are the causes of unethical practices in advertising specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now New media resources are getting stronger and more pwerful. As the media is getting stronger advertisements are becoming more effective. Advertisers put subliminal messages on videos or news. New social media like Facebook and blogs make it diffiuclt to distinguish the difference between editorial content and advertisement, (Ricahrd). These kind of advertsing seems legal but that should be asked if they are ethical. Sometimes we don?t know if the advertising or marketing is paid for by the company that makes the product or if it is being written by someone who is a consumer of the product. Advertisers have to be very careful if they are too be ethical. Advertising is to help people sell their products and so make money for them. Many people mistrust advertising and this can be blamed on the unethical advertising that they have seen and perhaps caused them to buy a product that does not do what it promised or breaks easily. Companies need to make sure they are honest in their advertising, that they don not target children and are clear that an advertisement is an advertisement rather than a review or a testimonial.

Should insurable interests be abolished Essay Example

Should insurable interests be abolished Essay Example Should insurable interests be abolished Essay Should insurable interests be abolished Essay Should insurable involvements be abolished? In this thesis I will ship upon a elaborate rating of the jurisprudence in relation to ‘insurable interests.’ I shall through analysis of legislative act and case-law describe the current regulations refering to this country of jurisprudence, and shall sketch the advantages and disadvantages of such. Through treatment of the altering fortunes giving rise to insurable involvements I shall so measure whether or non, based upon these analyses, we should get rid of insurable involvement from UK Law. The first thing to observe is that historically it has been really hard to place a general regulation to explicate when insurable involvements should use, as there has neer been a general demand for an insured to possess an involvement in the capable affair of an insurance policy. Alternatively specific regulations have been developed for different types of insurance agreements. For illustration, the regulations refering to Life Assurance Policies are set out in the Life Assurance Act 1774, which describes itself as â€Å"An Act for modulating Insurances upon Lives, and for forbiding all such Insurances, except in instances where the Persons sing shall hold an Interest in the Life or Death of the Persons insured, † whereas the regulations refering to Marine Insurance policies are governed by the Marine Insurance Act 1906, a codification of the regulations contained in the earlier statutory instruments ; the Marine Insurance Act 1746 and the Marine Insurance Act 1788. Other policies, including liability and belongings insurance are governed by regulations which have been established through common jurisprudence instead than legislative act, but are similar in nature to the regulations contained within the Marine Insurance Act 1906. I shall discourse the assorted different types of Insurance Policy and the particular regulations which govern the demand of insurable involvements in greater deepness subsequently in this essay, but for now I would merely wish to do the point that the deficiency of general regulations refering to insurable involvement topographic points an interesting new dimension to the treatment subject with which we are faced in this essay ; should insurable involvements be abolished wholly, or are their certain types of insurance policies to which they should go on to use? Before we embark on our analysis of the instance jurisprudence and the legislative act refering to insurable involvements, allow us foremost be clear about the nature of the philosophy. The philosophy of insurable involvements precludes those people who have certain types of involvements in the life, liability or belongings to be insured from lawfully buying insurance policies over those involvements. In basic footings, the philosophy of insurable involvements prevents a individual from taking out insurance policies on life, belongings or liabilities in which that individual has no vested involvement or ownership. The principle for this regulation is about axiomatic ; to let person to take out an insurance policy against, for illustration, the devastation of belongings in which he or she does non hold any ownership would be to efficaciously allow such a individual to utilize the insurance system as a method for chancing, the insurance premiums stand foring the exclusive steak, and the pay-out against the devastation of that belongings as the pay-out. R Merkin, in his article â€Å"Gambling by Insurance – A Study of the Life Assurance Act 1774 [ 1 ] † argues this point persuasively, and points out that such a gambling civilization contravenes the really implicit in aims of the UK insurance system ; it is non a system designed to assist people enrich themselves through bad luck, but instead one which compensates or reimburses for losingss really suffered. Therefore, we may province that one of the cardinal aims of the philosophy of insurable involvements is to continue the insuranc e rule of insurance by forestalling people utilizing insurance as a method for chancing. From this analysis emerges yet another immorality which the philosophy of insurable involvements is obviously trying to forestall ; is person is allowed to see against belongings, life which does non belong to them, so that individual would so hold a vested involvement in the devastation of that belongings. For illustration, if I have taken out insurance against my neighbour’s ?250,000 house, at an one-year premium of ?500, so if the house was destroyed, so I would efficaciously do a net income of ?249,500. Whilst non everybody would really put about to intentionally destruct others belongings, the potency for utmost net income would surely promote some people to prosecute in this pattern. Therefore another chief aim of the philosophy of insurable involvements is to forestall moral jeopardy ; insurance policies should non make inducements for people to destruct the capable affair of the policy. As mentioned antecedently, the philosophy of insurable involvements was established by 18th century legislative act ; the Life Assurance Act 1746 or the Life Assurance Act 1774. These two legislative acts nevertheless failed to prosecute in a definition of what was meant precisely by an ‘insurable interest.’ Debate ensued as to whether an insurable involvement should be limited to strictly legal involvements, or whether a ‘factual expectation’ of an involvement in the belongings would do. The range of this argument can be seen through a comparing of two 18th century instance determinations. The first is the instance of Le Cras v. Hughes 1782 [ 2 ] . The facts of this instance were as follows: A British Captain was appointed Captain of a Spanish vas, which was captured by the British in the war with Spain. Under the Prize Act, the crew of a ship may really, under certain fortunes, be awarded with the rubric of a ship and its goods one time a captured ship returned to England. With this in head, the crew of the ship decided to take out an insurance policy to protect their possible involvement in the ship. On their ocean trip back to England a violent storm destroyed the ship, and as such the Captain and the staying crew tried to claim for the loss of the ship on their insurance policy, but the insurance company refused to pay out on the footing that the legal involvement in the ship had non yet become vested in the Captain as the ship neer managed to return to England in tact. Judge Mansfield, whilst holding with the insurance company that the Captain did non really have a legal anticipation in the vas, still held that the Captain should be able to retrieve. He reasoned that the Captain has acquired what might be described as a ‘factual expectancy’ based upon the fact that from past experience of English maritime usage whenever a gaining control has been made, since the Revolution ( 1688 ) , by sea or land, the Crown has made a grant and there has been no case to the contrary. Judge Mansfield hence held that the Captain of the ship did in fact possess an insurable involvement and was entitled to be reimbursed for the full cost of the ship by the insurance company: An involvement is necessary, but no peculiar sort of involvement is required. Master Holfold s insurance though non a vested involvement, were held insurable. An agent of awards may see his net incomes though they are in eventuality Some writers see this instance as simply an illustration of the jurisprudence intervening and making a philosophy in order to forestall unfair consequences from happening ; the Captain did non take out a policy for the intents of unfair enrichment, but instead to protect his possible involvement in the vas. The opinion of this instance is non in dispute to the insurance rule of insurance, and hence Judge Mansfield could see no ground why the Captains claim should non be allowed. The philosophy of factual outlook may therefore hold been created to let the tribunals to relinquish the rigorous legal regulations where appropriate, i.e. where the consequence through application of the rigorous legal regulations would non be the most merely in the full fortunes of the instance. This instance may hence be seen as an illustration of judicial pragmatism. On the other side of the coin is the instance of Lucena v. Crawford ( 1805 [ 3 ] ) , a instance that attempted to set up a narrow and stiff legal definition of insurable involvement. The facts of this instance are really similar to those that we have merely discussed supra, but in this instance, Lord Eldon decided that he did non desire to advance the philosophy of factual outlook, but instead make a stiff regulation that would advance a greater grade of legal certainty in instances sing the designation of insurable involvements. Lord Eldon insisted that the being of an insurable involvement must depend upon the being of a legal right, and as the Captain did non hold a legal right to the ship in inquiry, he could non be supported by jurisprudence in his claim against the insurance company. His concluding for this determination was as follows ; if the insurance company who had insured the ship were in a place to be able to see a ship when they did non at that minute in clip have any belongings involvement in that vas, so it would similarly be possible for anyone to see the ship and as such all the jobs of the insurance system being used as a method for chancing would once more originate: ..If they have a right so to see, it seems to me that any individual who is directed to take goods into his warehouse may see If moral certainty be a land of insurable involvement, there are 100s, possibly 1000s, who would be entitled to see. First the dock company, so the dock-master, so the warehouse-keeper, so the porter, so every other individual who to a moral certainty would hold anything to make with the belongings, and of class get something by it. Eldon farther supported his statement by manner of a conjectural analogy: Suppose A be possessed of a ship limited to B in instance A dies without issue ; that A has 20 kids, the eldest of whom is 20 old ages of age ; and B is 90 old ages of age. It is a moral certainty that B will neer come into ownership, yet this is a clear involvement. On the other manus, say the instance of the inheritor at jurisprudence of a adult male who has an estate worth 20,000 a twelvemonth, who is 90 old ages of age ; upon his death-bed intestate, and incapable from incurable madness from doing a will, there is no many who will deny that such an inheritor at jurisprudence has a moral certainty of wining to the estate ; yet the jurisprudence will non let that he has any involvement, or any thing more than a mere outlook. In Eldon’s sentiment hence the former would hold an insurable involvement, whereas the latter would non. And so we can get down to see non merely the aims behind the philosophy of insurable involvements, but besides the practical jobs of making a legal trial which will forestall these aims being breached but that will besides, at the same clip allow those who should, in the fortunes of their instance, be awarded wage from their insurance companies, despite their non holding a rigorous legal involvement in the belongings in inquiry. The inquiry which we must now inquire ourselves is this ; are these aims still of import in the twenty-first Century, and if so, are they so of import that the philosophy of insurable involvements must stay in UK jurisprudence? Let us now examine how the philosophy of insurable involvements has developed since the above instances, with peculiar mention to how the regulations differ for each type of insurance policy ; after all, as touched upon earlier in the essay, there is no general regulation that an insurable involvement is required for every type of insurance policy, and hence there is no ground why our decision must be limited to a yes or no reply as to whether this philosophy should be abolished. In relation to life confidence policies, the jurisprudence insists that the insurance company, i.e. the individual taking out the insurance policy, has an insurable involvement in the life of the insured, i.e. the individual whose life is being insured. Straight off we can see a job with using our earlier definitions of insurable involvement to such state of affairss ; a individual can non purely talking have a legal involvement in the life of another. The jurisprudence in this country nevertheless has developed to merely allow people to take out life confidence policies against either their partner, or any individual who is financially dependent upon the individual taking out the insurance policy. The legal authorization for this limited range is contained in subdivision 1 of the 1774 Life Assurance Act, which provides: â€Å"†¦ no insurance shall be made by any individual †¦ on the life or lives of any individual, or on any other event or events whatsoever, wherein the i ndividual or individuals for whose usage, benefit, or on whose history such policy or policies shall be made, shall hold no involvement, or by manner of chancing or wagering: and that every confidence made contrary to the true purpose and significance hereof shall be void and null to all purposes and intents whatsoever.† The inquiry which immediately comes to mind is how the jurisprudence can warrant a differentiation between those twosomes who are married and those twosomes that are un-married but are live togethering in a similar manner? After all we can non doubt the fact that a twosome may be in love with one another and be in close propinquity whether married or non, and as such, the same justification for leting married twosomes to see against each other’s possible decease must use to those twosomes who are populating together. In relation to Marine Insurance, as mentioned earlier, the jurisprudence is governed by the Marine Insurance Act 1906, a codification of the regulations contained in the earlier statutory instruments ; the Marine Insurance Act 1746 and the Marine Insurance Act 1788. The relevant subdivisions refering to the philosophy of insurable involvements are as follows: Section 4 ( 1 ) of the Act provides that: â€Å"Every contract of Marine insurance by manner of gambling or wagering is void.† This subdivision clearly demonstrates that the aims of the philosophy of insurable involvement, as discussed antecedently, were still, in 1906, a great concern to the legislators of the clip. Section 4 ( 2 ) of the Act sets out the state of affairss which will be classed by jurisprudence as ‘gambling or wagering’ : â€Å"A contract of Marine insurance is deemed to be a gambling or beting contract- ( a ) Where the assured has non aninsurable involvementas defined by this Act, and the contract is entered into with nooutlook of geting such an involvement; or ( B ) Where the policy is made â€Å"interest or no involvement, † or â€Å"without farther cogent evidence of involvement than the policy itself, † or â€Å"without benefit of salvage to the insurance company, † or capable to any other similar term: Provided that, where there is no possibility of salvage, a policy may be effected without benefit of salvage to the insurance company. † Within this subdivision we can see an incorporation of both the rigorous legal trial of insurable involvement [ as highlighted in bold above ] along with an recognition that a factual outlook will do as an insurable involvement [ in italics above ] . The existent definition of insurable involvement nevertheless is contained in subdivision 5 of the 1906 Act, which provides that: â€Å" ( 1 ) Subject to the commissariats of this Act, every individual has an insurable involvement who is interested in a marine escapade. ( 2 ) In peculiar a individual is interested in a marine escapade where he stands in any legal or just relation to the escapade or to any insurable belongings at hazard therein, in effect of which he may profit by the safety or due reaching of insurable belongings, or may be prejudiced by its loss, or harm thereto, or by the detainment thereof, or may incur liability in regard thereof.† And so we can see that one of the differences between the philosophy of insurable involvement in relation to life confidence as opposed to marine insurance is the fact that with the former the insurable involvement must be at the clip of taking out the policy [ 4 ] , whereas with the latter an insurable involvement is merely required at the point of loss [ 5 ] . This opposing point of view does non truly do much rational sense, and non merely supports our earlier unfavorable judgment that the philosophy of insurable involvement should use to life confidence policies between single twosomes, but besides raises a concern as to the anomalous nature of the philosophy and the ensuing deficiency of legal certainty. There are farther anomalousnesss ; the regulations of insurable involvements for insurance insurance policies are non governed by either of the above statute law, but instead through common jurisprudence which has come to the place that for such policies an insurable involvement is required but that such an involvement may be direct or indirect and can be proved through demoing that the individual concerned has suffered a loss [ 6 ] . The regulations of insurable involvement for all other types of insurance policy are governed, albeit indirectly, by Section 18 of the Gaming Act which renders unenforceable â€Å"All contracts or understandings, whether by word or in authorship, by manner of gambling or wagering, shall be void and void.† As we can see, the fact that there are different regulations for each type of insurance policy, and the fact that there are disagreements in the application of the philosophy of insurable involvements between each of these different insurance types truly does intend that the jurisprudence in this country is extremely unaccessible, in that the regulations for the application of this philosophy are contained in ancient legislative act and case-law and are non easy to happen, and incoherent, in that there are anomalousnesss such as the one pertaining to the life confidence of un-married twosomes. In portion the anomalousnesss may merely be a consequence of the fact that this philosophy has been developed in a piece-meal manner over a long period of clip, but whatever the grounds the fact is that this is a major unfavorable judgment of the current jurisprudence pertaining to insurable involvements. Waller LJ nevertheless, in the instance of Feasey V Sun Life Assurance Company [ 7 ] , argues that due to the nature of the construct of the philosophy of insured involvements, it impossible to hold the same set of regulations which applies to every type of insurance policy. He said: â€Å"†¦ I would propose that it is hard to specify insurable involvement in words which will use in all state of affairss. The context and the footings of a policy with which the tribunal is concerned will be all important. The words used to specify insurable involvement in, for illustration, a belongings context, should non be slavishly followed in different contexts, and words used in a life insurance context where one identified life is the topic of the insurance may non be wholly apt where the topic is many lives and many events. [ 8 ] † I would reason that whilst I agree that there good may some cardinal and built-in grounds for using the philosophy of insured involvements otherwise dep ending upon which type of loss is the topic of an insurance policy, greater justification is required if such disagreements are allowed to prevail. Ward LJ, in the same instance did non hold with Waller LJ but instead advocated thatâ€Å"for the interest of lucidity and consistence, insurable involvement should bear every bit about as possible the same significance for all classs of insurance.†I agree with Ward’s sentiment. These unfavorable judgments aside, the fact is that in pattern the judiciary tend to favor the determination of an insurable involvement in such instances. The ground for this was expressed compactly by Brett MR in the instance of Stock V Inglis ( 1884 ) [ 9 ] : â€Å"In my sentiment it is the responsibility of a Court ever to tilt in favor of an insurable involvement, if possible, for it seems to me that after investment bankers have received the premium, the expostulation that there was no insurable involvement is frequently, every bit about as possible, a proficient expostulation, and one which has no existent virtue, surely non as between the assured and the insurer.† Given this go oning desire to see that insurance companies meet their fiscal duties to those people from whom they have accepted insurance premiums, and given the legislatives continued committedness to forbid contracts of gaming and wagering, we must inquire ourselves whether or non the philosophy of insurable involvements has any existent topographic point in out 21stCentury Insurance jurisprudence. Besides, the modern demands of uberrima fides [ utmost good religion ] make impulsive revelation of all relevant material facts known to the insured party a legal demand, and based upon this information it is up to the insurance company to make up ones mind whether they wish to see against the hazard in inquiry, and what premium they require. I do non believe that it is just that an insurance company can hold to see person for a hazard at a certain premium, and so when that hazard materialises into a world the insurance company turn about and decline to do payment on the trifle of defic iency of insurable involvements. On this footing I feel that whilst it may non be necessary to get rid of the philosophy of insurable involvements, alteration is surely required to guarantee that it is non used by insurance companies as a proficient land for equivocation of liability. An interesting statement has been put frontward by Clarke in his 2005 article Policies and Perceptions of Insurance Law in the Twenty-first Century [ 10 ] . He argues that the philosophy of insurable involvement does non function its intent in the manner that it purports to make. He argues that people should be allowed to see against what they choose, be it other people or other people’s belongings. He grounds this statement by was of a conjectural illustration: â€Å"If A, for grounds which A knows best, values B s life adequate to pay premiums, why non allow A make so? Why non trust people? Why non swear the constabulary, who will be the first to look at A if B dies all of a sudden, and society at big to see that B is safe from A? † This is a really good point ; after all should belongings be destroyed or a individual be killed the constabulary would be the first to ask as to who would profit from such occurrences and this would in most instances point to the perpetrator. What Clarke does non account for in his statement is the fact that if insuring on other people’s lives became a wide-spread commercial world, it may be really hard for the constabulary to place the individual who performed the condemnable harm or slaying, as the perpetrator may be one of a figure within an insurance mob. Despite this, I do empathise with Clarke’s point of view, and do experience that it would be better to hold a system which was non so randomly restrictive. In decision, I would reason that there surely is a instance for the abolishment of the philosophy of insurable involvements ; the current philosophy and the regulations thereof are really unaccessible, being contained in different and really ancient instance jurisprudence and legislative act, inconsistent [ as between different types of insurance policy ] and in topographic points are unduly restrictive. It can besides be argued that there is no existent demand for the philosophy in 21stCentury insurance jurisprudence, as the contractual demand of uberrima fides coupled with the jurisprudence which prohibit bet oning or beting in such contexts are sufficient to forestall insurance policies being used in such ways without the philosophy of insurable involvements. These are non needfully nevertheless exceptionally strong grounds for get rid ofing this philosophy wholly, but there is no uncertainty that it surely needs reform. The jurisprudence should be clarified, with one regulation which applies to all sorts of insurance policy. Besides, insurance companies should be regulated to a greater grade so that they can non utilize the philosophy as a trifle by which they will seek to avoid paying out on their insurance policies. Bibliography and Mentions Legislative acts: Life Assurance Act 1774 Marine Insurance Act 1906 Marine Insurance Act 1746 Marine Insurance Act 1788 Life Assurance Act 1746 Cases: Le Cras v. Hughes 1782 99 Eng.Rep. 549 ( KB 1782 ) Master Holfold s Lucena v. Crawford ( 1805 ) 127 Eng.Rep. 630 ( 1805 ) 331Dalby 5 India and London Life-Assurance Co ( 1854 ) 15 CB 365 Siu Yin Kwan V Eastern Insurance [ 1994 ] 2 AC 199. Stock V Inglis ( 1884 ) 12 QBD 564 Feasey V Sun Life Assurance Company [ 2002 ] 2 AER ( Comm ) 492 and [ 2003 ] 2 AER ( Comm ) 587 Diaries: R Merkin â€Å"Gambling by Insurance – A Study of the Life Assurance Act 1774† ( 1980 ) 9 Anglo-American Law Review M A Clarke, Policies and Perceptions of Insurance Law in the Twenty-first Century ( 2005 ) P 38. Leimberg and Gibbons, TOLI, COLI, BOLI, and Insurable Interests An Interview With Michel Nelson, Estate Planning Magazine, Vol. 28, No. 1, July 2001, Pg. 333. â€Å"Insurable Interest in Property: A Socio-Economic Re-evaluation of a Legal Concept† B Harnett, JV Thornton Columbia Law Review, 1948 1